package org.example

data class State(
        val matched: String,
        val remaining: String,
)

data class AvailableState(val seq: Sequence<State> = emptySequence()) : Sequence<State> by seq {
  val isEmpty: Boolean
    get() = seq.none()
}

class MatchResult(val available: AvailableState) {

  val isSuccess: Boolean
    get() = !this.available.isEmpty

  val isFailure: Boolean
    get() = this.available.isEmpty

  override fun toString(): String {
    return if (isSuccess) {
      "MatchResult(success)"
    } else {
      "MatchResult(failure)"
    }
  }
}

// 재귀 하향 분석기.
interface RegexItem {
  override fun toString(): String
  fun findMatch(item: String): AvailableState
}

fun RegexItem.match(item: String): MatchResult {
  // 기본 매칭 함수. AvailableState를 MatchResult로 변환
  return MatchResult(this.findMatch(item))
}

class AndThenItem(val left: RegexItem, val right: RegexItem) : RegexItem {
  override fun toString(): String = "${left}${right}"
  override fun findMatch(item: String): AvailableState {
    val leftMatch = left.findMatch(item)
    if (leftMatch.isEmpty) {
      return AvailableState() // If left match fails, return empty sequence
    }
    // If left match is successful, try to match the right item with the remaining string
    // from the left match.

    return AvailableState(
            leftMatch.flatMap { state ->
              val rightMatch = right.findMatch(state.remaining)
              if (!rightMatch.isEmpty) {
                // If right match is successful, combine the matched parts
                rightMatch.map { rightState ->
                  State(state.matched + rightState.matched, rightState.remaining)
                }
              } else {
                // If right match fails, return an empty sequence
                sequenceOf()
              }
            }
    )
  }
}

class CharItem(val value: String) : RegexItem {
  override fun toString(): String = value
  override fun findMatch(item: String): AvailableState {
    return if (item.isNotEmpty() && item[0].toString() == value) {
      // If the first character matches, return a successful match
      AvailableState(sequenceOf(State(value, item.substring(1))))
    } else {
      // If it doesn't match, return an empty sequence
      AvailableState()
    }
  }
}

class PlusItem(val item: RegexItem) : RegexItem {
  override fun toString(): String = "${item}+"
  override fun findMatch(item: String): AvailableState {
    // 욕심쟁이 매칭해야 함. 그래서 가능한 한 많이 매칭해야 함.
    val results = mutableListOf<State>()
    var remaining = item

    while (true) {
      val matchResult = this.item.findMatch(remaining)
      if (matchResult.isEmpty) {
        break // No more matches possible
      }
      matchResult.forEach { state -> results.add(State(state.matched, state.remaining)) }
      remaining = matchResult.first().remaining // Update remaining string
    }

    return AvailableState(results.reversed().asSequence()) // Return all successful matches
  }
}

class StarItem(val item: RegexItem) : RegexItem {
  override fun toString(): String = "${item}*"
  override fun findMatch(item: String): AvailableState {
    // 욕심쟁이 매칭해야 함. 그래서 가능한 한 많이 매칭해야 함.
    val results = mutableListOf<State>(State("", item)) // Start with an empty match
    var remaining = item
    while (true) {
      val matchResult = this.item.findMatch(remaining)
      if (matchResult.isEmpty) {
        break // No more matches possible
      }
      matchResult.forEach { state -> results.add(State(state.matched, state.remaining)) }
      remaining = matchResult.first().remaining // Update remaining string
      if (remaining.isEmpty()) {
        break // If remaining string is empty, stop matching
      }
    }
    // 반드시 reverse해서 가장 긴 매칭부터 시작해야 함.
    return AvailableState(results.reversed().asSequence()) // Return all successful matches
  }
}

class QuestionItem(val item: RegexItem) : RegexItem {
  override fun toString(): String = "${item}?"
  override fun findMatch(item: String): AvailableState {
    // ?는 0개 또는 1개 매칭을 의미하므로, 먼저 시도해보고 실패하면 빈 시퀀스를 반환
    val matchResult = this.item.findMatch(item)
    if (matchResult.isEmpty) {
      // If the item does not match, return an empty sequence
      return AvailableState(sequenceOf(State("", item)))
    }
    // If it matches, return the successful match
    return AvailableState(matchResult.map { State(it.matched, it.remaining) })
  }
}

class DotItem : RegexItem {
  override fun toString(): String = "."
  override fun findMatch(item: String): AvailableState {
    // .은 임의의 한 문자와 매칭되므로, 첫 문자가 존재하면 매칭 성공
    return if (item.isNotEmpty()) {
      AvailableState(sequenceOf(State(item[0].toString(), item.substring(1))))
    } else {
      AvailableState() // 빈 문자열에 대해서는 매칭 실패
    }
  }
}

class AlternationItem(val left: RegexItem, val right: RegexItem) : RegexItem {
  override fun toString(): String = "(${left}|${right})"
  override fun findMatch(item: String): AvailableState {
    // Alternation은 왼쪽 또는 오른쪽 항목 중 하나와 매칭되므로, 각각 시도해보고 성공하는 경우를 반환
    val leftMatch = left.findMatch(item)
    val rightMatch = right.findMatch(item)

    return AvailableState(
        (leftMatch + rightMatch).asSequence() // 두 매칭 결과를 합쳐서 반환
    )
  }
}